Diseases & Conditions

Meniere's disease is an inner ear disorder causing vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and ear fullness. It typically affects one ear initially but can progress to involve both ears over time. The exact cause is uncertain, but it is believed to be related to abnormalities in the fluid dynamics within the inner ear. Meniere's disease can progress through several stages, each with distinct symptoms.

Mydriasis is a condition where the pupils (the black center of the eyes) become larger than normal. This happens when the muscles in the eye that control pupil size don’t work properly. Normally, pupils get bigger in the dark and smaller in bright light, but in mydriasis, they stay enlarged even in bright conditions. This condition can be caused by nerve problems, eye injuries, certain medications, or underlying health issues. If you notice persistent pupil enlargement along with vision problems, headaches, or sensitivity to light, it’s important to see a doctor for proper evaluation.

Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. The disease is characterised by the abnormal multiplication of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to various complications such as bone damage, anaemia, and kidney problems. Treatment options for multiple myeloma depend on the stage and severity of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health.

Myeloid leukaemia is a type of blood cancer that affects the myeloid line of blood cells, characterised by the rapid growth of abnormal cells in the bone marrow. It interferes with the production of normal blood cells, leading to various symptoms and complications. The two main types of myeloid leukaemia are acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), with AML being the more aggressive form.

Mycosis is a term used to describe fungal infections that affect various parts of the body, ranging from superficial skin infections to severe systemic diseases. These infections are caused by different types of fungi and can be classified based on the location and severity of the infection. Treatment for mycosis varies depending on the type and extent of the infection, and prevention measures include maintaining good hygiene and avoiding exposure to fungal spores.

Malaria is a severe, potentially life-threatening disease caused by a parasite transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. It is a significant public health issue in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with symptoms ranging from fever and chills to more severe complications such as organ failure and cerebral malaria. Prompt medical attention is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

Meningitis is a serious infection that affects the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. It can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and requires prompt medical attention to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. Symptoms may include fever, headache, stiff neck, and nausea, and treatment depends on the specific type of meningitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, affecting the central nervous system. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibres, known as myelin. This damage disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to various symptoms. While the exact cause of MS is unknown, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder with possible genetic, environmental, and infectious triggers.

Muscle spasms, also called muscle cramps, happen when your muscles tighten and contract suddenly, causing pain. They can occur unexpectedly and without control. While stretching, massage, and muscle relaxants can help, they may not always completely prevent or stop the cramps.

Migraine is a condition that causes intense headaches, often with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. It affects millions globally, disrupting daily life. Migraines occur when nerve fibres in brain blood vessel walls are activated, causing throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head.