The pharmacological mechanism of action of Vigamox eye drops is based on the active ingredient moxifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Moxifloxacin exerts its antibacterial effects by inhibiting the activity of bacterial topoisomerases, which are enzymes involved in the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA.
Specifically, moxifloxacin targets type II topoisomerases, including DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential for bacterial DNA replication and transcription. By inhibiting these enzymes, moxifloxacin prevents the bacteria from replicating and dividing, leading to their eventual death.
Moxifloxacin has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including those responsible for causing bacterial conjunctivitis, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, moxifloxacin has demonstrated activity against atypical bacteria, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, which can cause conjunctivitis.