Diseases & Conditions

Gout, a form of inflammatory arthritis, occurs when uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints, causing severe pain, swelling, and redness. It is a chronic condition that can cause recurrent episodes of acute joint pain and, if left untreated, may result in permanent joint damage. Gout in the foot is often managed through lifestyle changes, medications, and, in some cases, surgery.

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It can cause painful blisters or sores on and around the genitals, rectum, and mouth. It is spread through skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. Two main types of HSV cause genital herpes: HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Gastroenteritis, often referred to as the stomach flu, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by viral or bacterial infections, parasites, or chemical irritants. It leads to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal discomfort. Treatment typically involves rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications, while prevention measures include good hygiene practices and avoiding contaminated food and water.

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, potentially leading to vision loss and blindness. It often progresses without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. This makes regular eye exams crucial for early detection and treatment. Several types of glaucoma exist, each with distinct characteristics and risk factors.

Glomerulonephritis is a kidney disease that causes inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filters within the kidneys responsible for removing waste and excess fluids from the blood. This inflammation can lead to various complications, such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome, and nephritic syndrome. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent further damage to the kidneys and preserve their function.

Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland, causing symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and eye problems. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is triggered by antibodies that stimulate the thyroid to overproduce hormones. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery.

Gallstones are solid lumps that develop in the gallbladder when digestive fluids harden. They can be as small as a grain of sand or as big as a golf ball. If they block the bile ducts, they may cause severe pain and other problems. Gallstones form due to an imbalance in the substances that make up bile. The treatment for gallstones depends on their size, number, and how much trouble they cause.

Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can infect both men and women and can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. Gonorrhea is spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person and can be treated with antibiotics.

Gastritis is a condition characterised by inflammation of the stomach lining, which can cause abdominal pain, nausea, and indigestion. It can be acute or chronic and is often caused by infections, medications, or lifestyle factors. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, epigastric pain, and regurgitation. GERD can lead to complications such as oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus, and even oesophageal cancer if left untreated. Lifestyle changes and medications can help manage the symptoms and prevent further damage to the oesophagus.