Diseases & Conditions

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. It primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes, leading to the development of disfiguring sores and nerve damage if left untreated. Although rare, leprosy still exists today, with approximately 200,000 people worldwide infected, mainly in Asia and Africa.

Liver cirrhosis is a serious condition characterised by the gradual scarring of the liver, leading to impaired liver function and potential liver failure. It is often the result of persistent liver damage over many years, commonly caused by alcohol and drugs, viruses, and metabolic factors. Liver cirrhosis progresses through several stages, each with distinct characteristics and symptoms.

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the lungs, causing uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumours. It is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and can affect both smokers and non-smokers, although smoking significantly increases the risk. Lung cancer is classified into two main types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), each with its own characteristics and treatment options.

Lactose intolerance is a digestive condition marked by the inability to process lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. This condition occurs due to a deficiency in the lactase enzyme, needed to break down lactose. It can cause uncomfortable symptoms such as bloating, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain after consuming lactose-containing foods or drinks. Lactose intolerance is distinct from a milk allergy and can affect people of all ages, with varying degrees of severity.

Low testosterone, also known as hypogonadism or low T, is a condition where the body produces insufficient testosterone. Testosterone is an essential hormone for male development and overall health. It can be caused by ageing, medical conditions, or injuries, leading to symptoms, such as low sex drive, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and loss of muscle mass. Treatment options include testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), which can help alleviate symptoms and improve overall health.

Liver spots, also known as age spots or solar lentigines, are flat, brown, grey, or black spots on the skin that usually appear in areas exposed to the sun. They are a common condition associated with ageing and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Liver spots are not related to liver function, despite their name, and are more common in adults over 50.

Lupus nephritis is a kidney inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, including the kidneys. This condition can impair the kidneys' ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, potentially leading to kidney failure if not properly managed. Early detection and treatment of lupus nephritis are crucial to prevent permanent kidney damage and kidney failure.

Loss of appetite, or anorexia, is a condition where a person experiences a reduced desire to eat, leading to decreased food intake. It can be caused by various factors, including infections, chronic diseases, mental health conditions, and medication side effects. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, making necessary dietary changes, and ensuring adequate nutrition.