Health Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects of Curry Leaves (Murraya koenigii)

Curry leaves, also known as Kari Patta or the botanical name Murraya koenigii, are a staple in Indian kitchens and a powerhouse of nutrients. Not only do they enhance the flavour of dishes, but they also offer several traditional and researched health benefits [1]. Incorporating these aromatic leaves into your diet may support overall health and wellness.

Nutritional Value of Curry Leaves

These fast-growing deciduous shrubs are an integral feature of Indian cuisine, appearing in many dishes as a flavouring or garnish. Kari Patta is highly nutritious, containing copper, minerals, calcium, phosphorus, fibre, carbohydrates, magnesium, and iron [5].

Additionally, the leaves include a variety of vitamins and amino acids. Depending on the intended usage, the leaves can be dried or fried, and the fresh version is also highly popular.

The nutritional values of sun-dried and shade-dried curry leaves per 100 grams are as follows [5]:

Key Health Benefits of Curry Leaves

Research and traditional use suggest that Kari Patta offers several health benefits [1], including:

• Supports Digestive Health: Curry leaves are traditionally used to stimulate digestive enzymes and may help reduce symptoms like indigestion, bloating, and constipation [4].
• May Help Manage Blood Sugar Levels: Regular consumption has been studied for its potential to help regulate blood sugar, which can be beneficial for individuals seeking support for glucose management [1].
• Promotes Heart Health: The antioxidants and alkaloids in curry leaves may help reduce bad cholesterol (LDL) and support overall cardiovascular function [4].
• Strengthens Hair and May Reduce Hair Loss: Curry leaves are rich in beta-carotene and proteins, which are essential nutrients that strengthen hair roots, may help reduce hair fall, and could potentially slow premature greying [1], [4].
• Improves Skin Health: The antioxidants and antimicrobial properties may help prevent acne and infections, promoting a healthy complexion [2].
• Supports Weight Management: Kari Patta may help improve metabolism and fat breakdown, which can be a part of a broader strategy for weight management when combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle.
• Boosts Immunity: Rich in vitamins and antioxidants, these leaves help strengthen the immune system and may aid the body in fighting infections [4].
• Lowers Inflammation: The anti-inflammatory properties of curry leaves are being researched for their potential to help reduce joint pain and inflammation [1].

Traditional and Home Uses of Curry Leaves

Curry leaves have been used in various ways beyond consumption for centuries, particularly in Ayurvedic and traditional health practices [1].

1. Hair Care and Management of Hair Loss

Curry leaves are extensively used in hair health. In Ayurveda, hair loss is sometimes attributed to an imbalance of Vata and Pitta doshas. The Keshya (hair tonic) feature of Kari Patta is traditionally believed to help regulate these doshas, thereby encouraging healthy hair growth [4].

Method for use (Traditional):

• Heat 1-2 teaspoons of Curry leaves powder gently in a cup of warm coconut oil to enhance its scalp-nourishing properties.
• Allow to cool, then massage the oil into the scalp, including the roots.
• For the best results, let it sit for a few hours (or overnight).
• Wash with a mild shampoo.
• Apply this treatment to your hair twice a week for optimal traditional results.

2. Mouth Ulcer Relief

In Ayurveda, mouth ulcers are referred to as Mukh Pak. Curry Patta, because of its Ropan (healing) properties, is traditionally used to aid in the rapid healing of mouth ulcers [4]. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds also play a role in oral health [3].

Method for use:

• Measure 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon curry leaf powder.
• Combine with 1-2 tablespoons of honey to form a paste.
• Apply the paste directly to the mouth ulcers.

3. Traditional Skin Rejuvenation

Curry leaves are traditionally used in skin rejuvenation due to the presence of antioxidants and Vitamin C, both of which are vital for maintaining skin health and reducing oxidative stress [2].

Preparation: Gently cook 30–40 fresh curry leaves in coconut oil on low heat until fragrant. Strain and store the oil in a clean container.

Use: Regularly massage your skin with a mixture of this prepared oil and jojoba oil to traditionally help manage wrinkles, dark circles, and other signs of ageing [2]. Incorporating a few drops into your regular skincare routine may also help to soothe acne, boils, and pimple infections [4].

Tip: Always perform a patch test before applying curry leaf oil to a large area of skin to avoid potential irritation.

Other Traditional Uses

• Insect Bites: Curry leaf oil can be used to soothe insect bites and bee stings due to its potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties [1].
• Oral Hygiene: The compounds in the leaves have been researched for their potential to strengthen teeth, help prevent tooth and gum diseases, and freshen breath [3]. A traditional practice is to add two drops of the oil to a cup of warm water and gargle.
• Local Inflammation: Swelling and inflammation in various parts of the body may be traditionally alleviated by massaging 2-3 drops of pure curry leaf oil with a few drops of olive oil.

Culinary Applications of Curry Leaves

Curry leaves are a versatile ingredient in Indian cuisine, primarily used to add a characteristic aromatic flavour.

• Seasoning: They are often used as a core seasoning in various dishes, particularly in South Indian cuisine.
• Curries and Gravies: Curry leaves are an essential ingredient in many Indian curries, gravies, and sauces.
• Tempering (Tadka): Kari Patta is a key component in tempering, where they are added to hot oil along with mustard seeds, cumin seeds, and other spices to release their flavour before being poured over cooked dishes.
• Chutneys and Sauces: They are used to flavour chutneys, sauces, and dips, adding a unique fragrance.
• Rice Dishes: Curry leaves can be added to rice dishes such as biryani, pulao, and lemon rice to impart a subtle yet flavorful aroma.

Potential Side Effects of Curry Leaves

Curry leaves are generally considered safe when consumed in typical food quantities. However, like any natural ingredient, excessive consumption or individual sensitivities can lead to drawbacks.

• Potential Sensitivities: Some individuals may be hypersensitive or allergic to curry leaves. If you experience itching, redness, or swelling after using these leaves, discontinue use and contact your healthcare provider right away.
• Could Cause Stomach Issues: While the fibre content in curry leaves can be beneficial for digestive health, excessive consumption, particularly of raw leaves, may lead to stomach discomfort. This can manifest as bloating, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, or constipation.
• Risk of Medication Interaction: Since curry leaves may influence blood sugar and blood pressure, individuals taking medications for diabetes or hypertension should consult their doctor before significantly increasing their consumption to monitor for potential interactions.
• Precaution in Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult a doctor before using curry leaves in medicinal or high doses, as sufficient scientific evidence regarding safety in these scenarios is limited.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What happens if we eat curry leaves daily?

The benefits of consuming Kari Patta daily include improved digestion, support for blood sugar levels, and enhanced hair and skin health. It is generally safe when consumed in moderation as part of a regular diet.

Are curry leaves good for the kidneys?

Curry leaves are rich in plant compounds, which are potent antioxidants. These compounds may support general health and could potentially offer a protective effect against cellular damage in organs like the kidneys [1]. However, they should not be viewed as a treatment for existing kidney problems.

Can we drink curry leaves water daily?

Kari Patta water provides beneficial nutrients like copper, minerals, calcium, fibre, magnesium, and iron. You can drink its water daily to improve digestion, enhance hair and skin health, and support blood sugar regulation. However, it’s advisable to consume it in moderation and consult a doctor if you have any underlying medical conditions or concerns.

Do curry leaves reduce belly fat?

Curry leaves are not clinically proven to directly reduce belly fat. While the leaves may improve digestion and metabolism, weight and fat loss are primarily achieved through a sustained calorie deficit combined with diet and exercise. They can be a healthy part of a weight management diet, but they are not a “fat cutter.”

Do curry leaves cause gas?

When used in moderation for seasoning and tempering, curry leaves typically do not cause gas. However, the high fibre content in the leaves means that excessive consumption of raw or powdered leaves may lead to stomach upset, potentially causing bloating, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, and constipation in sensitive individuals.

References

[1] Abeysinghe, D. T., Alwis, D. D. D. H., Kumara, K. A. H., & Chandrika, U. G. (2021). Nutritive importance and therapeutics uses of three different varieties (Murraya koenigii, Micromelum minutum, and Clausena indica) of curry leaves: An updated review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (ECAM), 2021, 5523252. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5523252

[2] Yelgurwar, A., Rahangdale, C., Dahake, D., Borekar, H., & Bodhankar, M. (2024). Use of potato and curry leaves for anti-ageing cream. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(6), 623-633. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11609456

[3] Shivakumar, V. H., Venkiteswaran, A., Hassan, E. H., Tegginamani, A. S., & Zain, N. M. (2024). The benefits of Murraya koenigii in dentistry–A scoping review. Biomedical Pharmacology Journal, 17(2). https://bit.ly/3yU89Qx

[4] Martand Bhoir, S., Sonali, V., Uppalwar, A., M., & Sen, K. (2024). Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii): Taxonomy, phytochemistry, medicinal uses and pharmacology. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 5, 997–1005. https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V5ISSUE12/IJRPR36153.pdf

[5] Parnami, M., & Varma, K. (2019). Nutritional composition of dried Murraya koenigii (Curry leaves). ResearchGate, 6(6), 409–412. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344457901_Nutritional_composition_of_Dried_Murraya_koenigii_Curry_leaves