Chronic Iron Overload

The main causes of chronic iron overload include hereditary haemochromatosis, repeated blood transfusions, excessive iron supplementation, and certain medical conditions that impair red blood cell production.

Symptoms of chronic iron overload may include unexplained fatigue, bronze-coloured skin, joint pains, liver disease, heart problems, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and skin hyperpigmentation.

Diagnosis of chronic iron overload involves blood tests (serum ferritin and transferrin saturation), genetic testing for hereditary haemochromatosis, imaging studies (MRI), and possibly liver biopsy.

Untreated chronic iron overload can lead to serious complications, such as liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, heart failure, diabetes, arthritis, and endocrine disorders.

Treatment for chronic iron overload includes regular phlebotomy (blood removal), iron chelation therapy, and dietary modifications to reduce iron intake.

Preventive measures for chronic iron overload include avoiding excessive iron supplementation, maintaining a balanced diet, and regular monitoring of iron levels in high-risk individuals.

Haemochromatosis is a specific genetic condition leading to chronic iron overload in the body. Chronic iron overload can also result from other factors, such as repeated blood transfusions or certain types of anaemia.

A diet low in iron-rich foods (red meat, organ meats) and avoiding iron supplements, vitamin C with meals, and alcohol is advised.

Individuals with hereditary haemochromatosis, those receiving frequent blood transfusions, and people with certain blood disorders have a higher risk of developing chronic iron overload.