Health Benefits and Side Effects of Fenugreek Tea (Methi Tea)

Fenugreek, commonly known as Methi in India, is a versatile herb widely found on kitchen shelves. Historically used as a spice, its seeds and leaves are now also consumed in various forms, including as a tea, due to their potential therapeutic properties. Fenugreek tea has recently gained attention for its reputed wide-ranging health benefits.

This article explores the scientifically supported uses, as well as the important precautions and side effects, of incorporating Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) tea into your diet.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) belongs to the Fabaceae family and is an ancient herb and spice prominent in the cuisines of North Africa and West Asia. Beyond its culinary uses, it is valued in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and is also used in the cosmetic and soap industry for its distinct aroma.

8 Potential Benefits of Fenugreek Tea

Fenugreek may support health through its rich content of fibre, saponins, and other bioactive compounds. Here are potential benefits associated with Fenugreek consumption, often studied using concentrated seed extract, which may differ from tea’s effects:

1. Lactational Support

Fenugreek contains compounds that are believed to act as galactagogues, which may help stimulate milk production in nursing mothers. Some studies suggest that consuming Fenugreek may lead to an increase in breast milk supply within 24 to 72 hours of starting consumption [1]. This effect is sometimes attributed to hormone precursors that may aid the function of mammary glands.

2. Could Aid in Blood Sugar Regulation

Fenugreek seeds are rich in soluble fibre and the polysaccharide galactomannan, which can slow down carbohydrate absorption. Clinical research suggests that Fenugreek, particularly its seed powder or extracts, may help lower fasting blood glucose and improve postprandial (after-meal) glucose control in individuals with diabetes or prediabetes [2], [3]. It may support glucose metabolism and enhance insulin function.

3. Lipid Profile Management

Research indicates that the high fibre and saponin content in Fenugreek may contribute to managing lipid profiles. Regular consumption of Fenugreek has been shown to potentially reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while also possibly supporting levels of HDL (“good”) cholesterol [4].

4. Support for Digestion

As a source of non-starch polysaccharides and dietary fibre, Fenugreek may help promote regular bowel movements and ease digestion [5]. Its mucilaginous fibre content can also coat the stomach lining, offering a soothing effect which may aid in managing symptoms of dyspepsia or mild acid reflux [5].

5. May Assist with Weight Management

The fibre content, specifically galactomannan, is known to absorb water and form a gel-like substance in the gut. This process may promote a feeling of satiety (fullness) for a longer duration, potentially reducing caloric intake and supporting overall efforts to manage weight [6].

6. Antioxidant Properties

Fenugreek contains a variety of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Studies analyzing Fenugreek extracts have demonstrated significant free-radical scavenging abilities, suggesting it may help combat oxidative stress in the body [7].

7. Potential for Skin and Hair Health

While direct, large-scale clinical evidence is limited for Fenugreek tea, traditional uses suggest it may help support skin health by assisting the body’s natural process of cell replacement. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may contribute to a healthier complexion.

8. Immune System Support

Fenugreek is recognized in traditional medicine for its potential to support the body’s natural defense mechanism. The herb contains compounds that may help modulate the body’s inflammatory response and support healthy white blood cell activity, particularly in response to external environmental stress [8].

6 Important Side Effects and Precautions of Fenugreek Tea

While generally considered safe when consumed in moderation as a tea, it is crucial to be aware of potential risks. Before incorporating Fenugreek tea into your routine, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking medication, consult a healthcare provider.

1. Gastrointestinal Distress

The high fibre content, while beneficial, can sometimes lead to mild stomach upset, such as abdominal discomfort, flatulence, and diarrhoea, particularly when consumed in excess or by individuals not used to high-fibre diets.

2. Allergic Reactions

Although uncommon, individuals with allergies to other members of the Fabaceae (legume) family, such as peanuts or chickpeas, may be at a higher risk of developing an allergic reaction to Fenugreek, which can manifest as a rash, swelling, or breathing difficulty.

3. Interactions with Blood Sugar Medications

This is a critical precaution. Because Fenugreek can lower blood sugar levels, its use alongside prescribed diabetes medications (like insulin or oral hypoglycemics) is strictly discouraged without medical supervision. Combining them significantly increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia (dangerously low blood sugar) or hypoglycemic coma.

4. Avoidance During Pregnancy

Fenugreek has been historically used as an abortifacient in large doses, as it possesses potent uterine stimulant properties. Therefore, Fenugreek tea should not be consumed by pregnant individuals, as it could potentially stimulate uterine contractions and lead to preterm labor or miscarriage, especially during the first trimester.

5. Distinct Body Odour

A common, though harmless, side effect is the appearance of a maple syrup-like or pungent odour in the sweat and urine. This is due to a compound called sotolone, and the smell dissipates once Fenugreek consumption is stopped.

6. Potential Drug Interactions

Due to its blood-thinning potential, Fenugreek may interact with anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medications like Warfarin. Patients on any blood-thinning therapy should consult their doctor before consuming Fenugreek tea regularly, as it may increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

References

[1] Mortel, M., & K. M. (2018). Pharmacological activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek): A review. Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 21(4), 185-192. https://rjppd.org/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research%20Journal%20of%20Pharmacology%20and%20Pharmacodynamics;PID=2010-2-2-35

[2] Shabil, M., Bushi, G., Bodige, P. K., Maradi, P. S., Patra, B. P., Padhi, B. K., & Khubchandani, J. (2023). Effect of Fenugreek on Hyperglycemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina, 59(2), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020248 https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020248

[3] Heshmat, R., Larijani, B., Tofanghchi, M., Alikhani, M., Alikhani, S., & Shokouhi, A. R. (2017). Effects of Fenugreek on blood glucose and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 16(1), 1-13. https://www.imrpress.com/journal/IJVNR/79/1/10.1024/0300-9831.79.1.34/pdf

[4] Ahmed, A. A., Wang, S. P., & Li, C. M. (2016). Fenugreek: A review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in food development. Journal of Functional Foods, 19, 420–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.065

[5] Nagulapalli Venkata, K. C., Swaroop, A., Pimple, B. P., Mohanty, P., & K. M. (2017). A systematic review of the clinical evidence of Fenugreek’s effect on gastrointestinal health. Phytotherapy Research, 31(10), 1545–1552. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.5880

[6] Pimple, B. P., Swaroop, A., Nagulapalli Venkata, K. C., & Mohanty, P. (2018). Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Fenugreek Seed Extract (FenuLean™) in Weight Management: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Current Therapeutic Research, 79, 5-11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8900010/

[7] Zafar, F., Irfan, R., Akram, N., Ali Aabdi, H. M., Anwar, M. J., Khawar, S., Saif, A., Shah, Y. A., Afzaal, M., & Desta, D. T. (2024). The multifaceted potential of fenugreek seeds: From health benefits to food and nanotechnology applications. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(3), 1335-1355. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3959 https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3959 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fsn3.3959

[8] Wani, A. A., Singh, P., Tali, B. A., & Batoo, S. A. (2020). Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek): A comprehensive review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 258, 112932. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037887411931033X