Aspirin

Dosage forms available

• Aspirin is available in multiple forms, including tablets, chewable tablets, extended-release tablets, and rectal suppositories. Low-dose aspirin is often used for heart health, while higher doses are used for pain and inflammation.

Age and dose restrictions

•  Aspirin is not recommended for children under 12 years.

Contraindications

• Aspirin is contraindicated in individuals with a history of allergy to aspirin or other NSAIDs, those with active gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers, bleeding disorders such as hemophilia, and those with severe kidney or liver impairment.

Other medications to avoid

• Avoid taking aspirin with other NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen), anticoagulants (warfarin), corticosteroids (prednisone), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs like sertraline), immunosuppressants (methotrexate), and certain antihypertensives (lisinopril). These combinations may increase the risk of bleeding or reduce aspirin efficacy.

Overdose and missed dose

• An overdose of aspirin can lead to symptoms such as ringing in the ears, rapid breathing, confusion, and in severe cases, metabolic acidosis. In such cases, seek immediate medical help.
• If you miss a dose of aspirin, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Management of side effects

• For mild stomach upset or heartburn, consider taking aspirin with food or a full glass of water. Avoid alcohol, as it can worsen gastrointestinal side effects. If you experience severe side effects like persistent stomach pain, vomiting blood, or black stools, stop taking aspirin and consult your doctor immediately.

Use in driving and operating machinery

• Aspirin generally does not impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you feel dizzy or lightheaded, avoid such activities until the effects subside.

Use in pregnancy and lactation

• Aspirin is not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, due to potential risks to the unborn baby. It should also be avoided during breastfeeding unless prescribed by a healthcare provider, as it can pass into breast milk.

Caution in other conditions

• Use with caution in individuals with asthma, as aspirin can trigger bronchospasm in some patients. Also, caution is advised in people with peptic ulcers, kidney or liver impairment, gout, and bleeding disorders.

Special dietary and lifestyle recommendations

• Limit your intake of alcohol while using aspirin, as it can increase the risk of stomach bleeding. 
• Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet rich in fiber to support overall health. 
• If taking aspirin for cardiovascular prevention, combine it with other heart-healthy habits like regular exercise and smoking cessation.