Verapamil

Dosage Forms Available

• Verapamil can be taken orally (tablet) and intravenously (injection).

Age and Dose Restrictions

• This medicine is intended for adults aged 18 and above.

Contraindications

• Verapamil is contraindicated in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. It is also contraindicated in patients with hypotension (systolic pressure less than 90 mmHg), sick sinus syndrome, and second- or third-degree AV block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker).

Other Medications to Avoid

• Verapamil can interact with beta-blockers (such as atenolol and propranolol), cardiac glycoside (such as digoxin), certain antiarrhythmics (like amiodarone and flecainide), certain antibiotics (like erythromycin), and antifungals (such as ketoconazole).

Overdose and Missed Dose

• Overdose of Verapamil may result in severe hypotension, bradycardia, heart block, cardiac arrest, dizziness, confusion, and metabolic acidosis. If these symptoms are observed, immediate medical attention is required.

• In case of a missed dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the forgotten one.

Management of Side Effects

Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor. To manage side effects:

• For dizziness or lightheadedness, try to sit or lie down until the symptoms pass.

• To counteract constipation, increase your intake of fibre and fluids.

• Ensure you rest if you experience fatigue.

Use in Driving and Operating Machinery

• Verapamil may cause dizziness or tiredness. Therefore, avoid driving or operating machinery until you are sure you can perform these activities safely.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

• Verapamil should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus. This medicine passes into breast milk, so nursing mothers should consult their doctor before using it.

Caution in Other Conditions

• Patients with heart failure, certain types of heart rhythm problems, low blood pressure, kidney or liver disease, and neuromuscular disorders should exercise caution when taking Verapamil.

• Elderly patients who may be more sensitive to its effects should also exercise caution.

Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations

• Maintain a low-fat, low-sodium diet to manage hypertension.