Propofol
Uses of Propofol
Propofol is an intravenous general anaesthetic and sedative agent used to induce and maintain anaesthesia during surgical procedures and medical tests.
It is commonly used for:
- Induction of general anaesthesia: Helps patients fall asleep rapidly before surgical operations.
- Maintenance of general anaesthesia: Keeps patients unconscious during surgery; separate pain-relieving medicines may also be required.
- Diagnostic and procedural sedation: Provides relaxation and twilight sedation during short medical or diagnostic tests.
- ICU sedation: Maintains sedation for critically ill adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation in intensive care units.
Side effects of Propofol
Pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site
Low blood pressure
Slow heart rate
Nausea and vomiting
Dizziness, lightheadedness, or drowsiness
How Propofol works
- Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anaesthetic agent.
- It works by enhancing the inhibitory function of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Specifically, Propofol binds to GABA-A receptors, increasing the influx of chloride ions into nerve cells.
- This hyperpolarizes the nerve cell membrane and reduces neuronal excitability throughout the central nervous system, leading to rapid onset of sedation, loss of consciousness, and muscle relaxation.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
BAMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Propofol is available for administration via the intravenous route (injectable emulsion).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is meant for adults and children above 3 years of age.
Contraindications
Propofol is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Propofol or any component of the formulation. It is also contraindicated in patients with a history of Propofol infusion syndrome.
Other Medications to Avoid
Propofol may interact with opioids (such as morphine and fentanyl), benzodiazepines (such as diazepam and alprazolam), barbiturates (like phenobarbital), antipsychotics (like haloperidol) and antidepressants (like amitriptyline).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Propofol may cause profound sedation, leading to respiratory depression or arrest. If such symptoms occur, inform your doctor immediately.
Since Propofol is administered by a healthcare professional in a controlled setting, a missed dose scenario is unlikely.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For pain or redness at the injection site, applying a cold compress may help.
In case of dizziness or lightheadedness, lie down until you feel better.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Propofol produces rapid unconsciousness after administration. Therefore, it severely impairs your ability to drive or operate machinery post-administration.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
It is advised to consult your doctor before using Propofol during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with severe liver or kidney impairment should exercise caution when receiving Propofol as it may impact medicine clearance.
Patients with mitochondrial disorders should also be cautious, as Propofol may trigger potentially fatal metabolic reactions.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
As the effects of anaesthesia can linger, it is recommended to refrain from engaging in vigorous physical activities for a few days post-surgery.
Adequate rest and hydration are crucial for a speedy recovery.
Frequently asked questions
Is Propofol a steroid?
No, Propofol is not a steroid. It is a general anaesthetic used to induce and maintain anaesthesia during surgical procedures.
Does Propofol have any effect on sleep?
Yes, Propofol can affect sleep as it acts on the central nervous system to slow down activity, causing sedation and sleepiness. However, it is not used as a sleep aid in clinical practice.
Will Propofol affect fertility?
There is no known effect of Propofol on fertility. However, each individual may respond differently to medicines and therefore you should consult your doctor for any concerns related to fertility.
Is it safe to take Propofol daily?
Propofol is not intended for daily use or long-term use. It is used for short-term sedation during surgical procedures or other medical procedures and is administered under medical supervision.
How much time does Propofol take to work?
Propofol works quite quickly. It starts working within seconds of administration and its effects typically last only a short time.
What is the best time to take Propofol?
Propofol is administered by a healthcare professional in a hospital or surgical setting, so there's no 'best time' for you as a patient to take it. The administration time would be decided by your doctor based on the procedure you are undergoing.
What is the duration of treatment with Propofol?
The duration of treatment with Propofol is typically short-term and depends on the length of your surgical or medical procedure.
List of medicines for Propofol
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