Pimozide
Uses of Pimozide
The primary function of Pimozide is to manage the symptoms of Tourette syndrome, a neurological disorder. This medication falls into the category of antipsychotic drugs.
Although primarily used for Tourette syndrome, Pimozide may also be used off-label to manage other conditions, such as schizophrenia. This is not an FDA-approved indication.
Side effects of Pimozide
Drowsiness
Sedation
Dry mouth
Constipation
Muscle stiffness
How Pimozide works
Pimozide belongs to the diphenylbutylpiperidine class of antipsychotic medications.
It works by binding to and blocking D2 dopamine receptors in the brain. This inhibition of dopamine neurotransmission helps in regulating nerve activity. Pimozide also blocks calcium channels, which could contribute to its therapeutic effect by modulating signalling in neural circuits involved in motor control and behaviour. Overall, this leads to a reduction in the frequency and intensity of involuntary movements and vocalisations, known as tics, typically seen in conditions like Tourette syndrome.
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Expert Advice
Dosage forms available
- Pimozide is available as tablets.
- It is intended for use via the oral route, which means it is taken by mouth.
Age and dose restrictions
- Pimozide can be given to both adults and children.
- For children, the suitability and dosage are usually determined based on their body weight.
Contraindications
- Pimozide is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or any of its components.
- It should not be used by patients with severe central nervous system depression or comatose states from any cause.
Other medications to avoid with this medicine
- Pimozide may interact with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors such as macrolide antibiotics (like clarithromycin) and azole antifungals (like ketoconazole).
- This medicine should not be combined with other drugs that prolong the QT interval, such as Class 1A (like quinidine) and III (like amiodarone) antiarrhythmics.
Overdose and missed dose
- An overdose of Pimozide can lead to serious side effects like drowsiness, muscle stiffness, and abnormal heartbeat. If you suspect an overdose, contact your doctor immediately.
- If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up the dose to make up for a missed one.
Management of side effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
- For dry mouth, try frequent sips of water.
- For constipation, ensure a diet high in fibre and stay well hydrated.
Use in driving and operating machinery
- Pimozide may cause drowsiness or sedation. It is advised to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.
Use in pregnancy and lactation
- Use of Pimozide during pregnancy should be avoided unless clearly necessary.
- It is not known whether Pimozide is excreted in human milk, therefore breastfeeding while on medication is not recommended.
Caution in other conditions
- Pimozide should be used with caution in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, recent acute myocardial infarction, or uncompensated heart failure.
- It should also be used cautiously in patients with seizures, as it may lower the seizure threshold.
Special dietary and lifestyle recommendation
- Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise routine can help manage side effects like weight gain.
- Avoid consumption of alcohol or any substance that can further slow the brain's processes, as Pimozide can cause drowsiness and slow your reactions.
- Smoking can have an effect on the concentration of this medication in your blood. Thus, refrain from smoking while on Pimozide.
Frequently asked questions
Can Pimozide be used to manage other neurological disorders?
No, Pimozide is predominantly used to manage symptoms of Tourette syndrome. It may also be used off-label to manage conditions like schizophrenia, which is not within the FDA-approved indications for this medication.
How does Pimozide work in managing symptoms of Tourette syndrome?
Pimozide works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. This regulation of nerve activity helps reduce the frequency and intensity of tics (involuntary muscle movement), which are characteristic symptoms of Tourette syndrome.
Can Pimozide cause mood changes?
Like other antipsychotic medications, Pimozide may cause mood changes in some individuals. If you experience significant mood swings or other psychological changes while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.
Are there natural alternatives to Pimozide in managing Tourette syndrome?
While some individuals may find symptom relief from lifestyle modifications and alternative therapies, these should not replace your prescribed medication without a discussion with your doctor.
What is the best time to take Pimozide?
Pimozide should be taken once daily, preferably at bedtime. Always follow the doctor's consultation.
How much time does Pimozide take to work?
The therapeutic effects of Pimozide are usually seen within a few days of starting treatment, but it may take several weeks for full benefits to be apparent.
Will Pimozide affect fertility?
There are no specific studies or data mentioned suggesting that Pimozide directly affects fertility. However, all medical conditions and medicines can potentially impact fertility in some way.
List of Medicines for Pimozide
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