Isotretinoin

Dosage Forms Available

• Isotretinoin is available in oral capsule and tablet form.

Age and Dose Restrictions

• Isotretinoin is generally prescribed for individuals aged 12 years and older.

Contraindications

• Isotretinoin is strictly contraindicated in pregnancy due to its high risk of causing severe birth defects. It should not be used by individuals with liver disease, high cholesterol levels, severe depression, or allergy to isotretinoin or vitamin A derivatives. 

Other Medications to Avoid

• Certain medications may interact with Isotretinoin, leading to increased side effects or reduced effectiveness. These include vitamin A supplements, tetracycline antibiotics, corticosteroids, anticonvulsants (phenytoin), and blood thinners (warfarin).

Overdose and Missed Dose

• An overdose of Isotretinoin can lead to vitamin A toxicity, causing symptoms like severe headache, dizziness, vomiting, and vision problems. In such cases, immediate medical attention is required. 
• If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it is close to the next scheduled dose. Never double the dose to make up for a missed one.

Management of Side Effects

• To manage dryness caused by Isotretinoin, use a moisturizer for the skin and lip balm for chapped lips. Artificial tears can help relieve dry eyes. Avoid excessive sun exposure and always apply sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher to prevent sunburn. If mood changes, persistent headaches, or severe muscle pain occur, consult a doctor immediately.

Use in Driving and Operating Machinery

• Isotretinoin may cause night vision problems or dizziness in some individuals. If affected, avoid driving, operating heavy machinery, or engaging in activities requiring alertness until you understand how the medication affects you.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

• Isotretinoin is highly teratogenic (causes birth defects) and must not be used during pregnancy. Women of childbearing potential must undergo pregnancy testing before starting treatment and use two forms of contraception. Breastfeeding should also be avoided while taking Isotretinoin, as it may pass into breast milk and harm the infant.

Caution in Other Conditions

• Caution is advised in patients with a history of liver disease, high cholesterol levels, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psychiatric disorders such as depression or anxiety. Regular blood tests may be required to monitor liver function, cholesterol levels, and other parameters during treatment.

Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support overall skin health.
• Avoid vitamin A-rich foods like liver and fish oil supplements to prevent vitamin A toxicity.
• Avoid waxing, laser treatments, or dermabrasion during and for at least six months after treatment, as the skin becomes highly sensitive and prone to scarring.