Glycerol
Uses of Glycerol
Glycerol is used for a variety of medical purposes depending on how it is administered. It is commonly used as a laxative, a skin moisturiser, and in certain cases to reduce pressure in the eyes or brain.
Glycerol is commonly used for:
- Constipation relief: Glycerol suppositories are used to provide quick relief from constipation by stimulating bowel movement and softening stools.
- Dry and irritated skin: Applied topically as a moisturising agent in creams and lotions to hydrate and soothe dry, rough, or sensitive skin in conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, and ichthyosis.
- Cough syrups: Used as an ingredient in liquid medicines to soothe throat irritation and improve the texture and palatability of the syrup.
- Raised intraocular pressure (glaucoma): When taken orally, Glycerol can help reduce abnormal pressure inside the eye.
- Raised intracranial pressure: In clinical settings, Glycerol may be used to reduce swelling and pressure inside the brain.
- Tablet formulations: Used as an inactive ingredient to improve the texture and ease of swallowing in certain medicines.
Side effects of Glycerol
Headache
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Bloating
How Glycerol works
Glycerol works through different mechanisms depending on how it is used and in what form it is administered.
- As a laxative (suppository or oral): Glycerol is an osmotic agent. When used as a suppository, it draws water into the rectum and stimulates the bowel wall, triggering a bowel movement. This helps relieve constipation quickly, usually within 15 to 30 minutes.
- As a skin moisturiser (topical): Glycerol acts as a humectant, meaning it attracts water molecules from deeper layers of the skin to the outer surface. It also acts as an emollient, filling in the gaps between skin cells to create a smoother, softer surface and reduce moisture loss. This helps keep dry or irritated skin hydrated and protected.
- As a hyperosmotic agent (oral): When taken internally or administered intravenously, Glycerol draws fluid out of body tissues and into the blood due to the difference in concentration (osmotic pressure). This can reduce pressure inside the eyes (useful in glaucoma) or inside the brain (useful in conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure).
- In cough syrups: Glycerol coats and soothes the lining of the throat, reducing irritation and the urge to cough.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Glycerol can be taken orally (liquid solution, syrup or elixir), applied topically (creams, lotions, and ointments), administered intravenously (injection), rectal suppositories and enemas.
Age and Dose Restrictions
Glycerol is suitable for adults and children over the age of 2 years.
Contraindications
Glycerol should not be used by patients with known allergy to it. It is contraindicated in cases of gastrointestinal obstruction, acute abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, and rectal bleeding. Those severely dehydrated or patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment should avoid its use. Patients with anuria or intracranial bleeding, especially subarachnoid haemorrhage, should not use Glycerol.
Other Medications to Avoid
Glycerol has no known significant interactions with other medicines. However, concurrent use of oral Glycerol might interfere with the gastrointestinal absorption of other oral medications.
Overdose and Missed Dose
- Taking more Glycerol than prescribed may cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal bloating, increased thirst, and dizziness. If you experience these symptoms after using more than the recommended amount, seek medical attention promptly.
If you miss a dose of Glycerol, take or use it as soon as you remember. If it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose to compensate for the one you missed.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects like headaches, nausea, skin irritation or minor redness resolve on their own once the medication is discontinued. However, consult your doctor if symptoms persist or worsen.
Stay hydrated to help manage the side effects associated with oral or rectal use of Glycerol.
If topical use causes skin irritation, consider reducing the frequency of application.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Glycerol generally does not affect your ability to drive or operate machinery unless you experience dizziness or lightheadedness.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
It is recommended to consult your doctor before using this medicine during pregnancy and lactation.
Caution in Other Conditions
Caution should be exercised when using Glycerol in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment. Consultation with a doctor is advised before usage in such conditions.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
To manage constipation, increase your intake of dietary fibre from fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.
For dry skin conditions, avoid using harsh soaps or detergents that can strip natural oils from the skin.
Frequently asked questions
Is Glycerol safe for athletes to use?
Glycerol has been explored as a potential hydrating agent for athletes to prolong exercise endurance. However, the evidence is mixed and it is currently banned by anti-doping agencies.
Can I use Glycerol if I am diabetic?
Yes, you can use topical and rectal Glycerol even if you are diabetic. However, oral liquid Glycerol preparations may contain sugars which could affect blood glucose levels. Therefore, it is advised to consult your doctor before using oral Glycerol.
Is there any difference between Glycerol and Glycerin?
No, there is no difference between Glycerol and Glycerin. These are just different names for the same chemical compound.
What are some natural sources of Glycerol?
Glycerol naturally occurs as a component of triglycerides in animal fats and vegetable oils. It is also a byproduct of soap manufacturing and biodiesel production.
Is Glycerol safe for long-term use?
Oral or rectal Glycerol is intended for short-term use against constipation, not as a long-term solution due to potential electrolyte imbalances with prolonged use. Topical Glycerol in skincare products is safe for regular long-term use.
Can Glycerol be used for hydration during sports events?
Yes, glycerol can be used for hydration during sports events as it helps the body retain fluids and may support hydration during prolonged exercise, especially in hot conditions. However, it should be taken with adequate water and under professional guidance.
Is Glycerol used in personal care products?
Yes, Glycerol is frequently used in personal care products due to its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It can be found in creams, lotions, and ointments to hydrate and moisturise dry or irritated skin.
What is Glycerol used for?
Glycerol is commonly used to relieve constipation by drawing water into the bowel, which softens the stools and makes them easier to pass. It is also found in moisturizing creams and ointments, where it helps hydrate and soothe dry or itchy skin. Glycerol is used in eye drops to relieve dryness and is included in cough syrups to coat the throat and reduce irritation.
List of medicines for Glycerol
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